Head and Neck Cancer Surgeries in Kolkata

Head and neck cancer surgeries are medical procedures used to treat cancerous tumors in the head and neck region. The choice of surgery and specific procedures depend on the type, stage, location of the cancer, and the patient’s overall health. Here are some common surgical treatments for head and neck cancer:

1. Tumor Resection (Excision):

   • Primary Tumor Resection: The surgical removal of the primary tumor is often the first-line treatment for head and neck cancer. The extent of resection depends on the size and location of the tumor.

2. Neck Dissection:

   • In cases where cancer has spread to the lymph nodes in the neck (regional metastasis), neck dissection may be performed to remove affected lymph nodes.
   • Different types of neck dissections are performed, depending on the extent of lymph node involvement. These can range from selective neck dissection to radical neck dissection.

3. Microvascular Reconstruction:

   • In cases where extensive tissue is removed during tumor resection, microvascular reconstruction may be required to restore the form and function of the head and neck. This often involves taking tissue from another part of the body, such as the forearm or thigh, and reconnecting the blood vessels.

4. Laryngectomy:

   • In cases of laryngeal cancer, a laryngectomy may be performed, which involves the removal of the voice box (larynx). This is often followed by voice restoration techniques.

5. Pharyngectomy:

   • Removal of the pharynx (throat) may be necessary in cases of pharyngeal cancer.

6. Maxillectomy and Mandibulectomy:

   • These procedures involve removing portions of the upper or lower jaw, often required for cancer affecting the oral cavity or maxillary sinus.

7. Skull Base Surgery:

   • For head and neck cancers that involve the skull base, specialized surgeries may be performed to remove the tumor and reconstruct the area.

8. Reconstructive Surgery:

   • Reconstructive surgery is often required to restore the appearance and function of the head and neck after tumor resection. Techniques may include local flaps, regional flaps, or microvascular reconstruction using grafts from other parts of the body.

9. Transoral Robotic Surgery (TORS):

   • TORS is a minimally invasive surgical approach that uses a robot-assisted system to remove tumors through the mouth. It is often used for oropharyngeal cancer.

10. Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy:

    • In some cases, sentinel lymph node biopsy may be used to determine the spread of cancer to regional lymph nodes.

11. Rehabilitation and Speech Therapy:

    • Following surgery, patients often require speech therapy and rehabilitation to regain speaking, swallowing, and chewing abilities.

12. Adjuvant Therapies:

    • Surgery may be combined with radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy, depending on the specific diagnosis and stage of cancer.

The choice of surgery and the approach taken will be determined by the healthcare team, including surgeons, oncologists, and other specialists. These procedures are often complex, and post-operative care and rehabilitation are important components of the treatment process. Patients should consult with their healthcare providers to discuss the best treatment plan for their specific head and neck cancer diagnosis.